| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| APP | Amyloid beta precursor protein |
| BACE1 | Beta-secretase 1 |
| CALHM1 | Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 channel |
| CaMKIV | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| ETC | Electron transfer chain |
| GLUT | Glucose transporter |
| GSK3β | Glycogen synthase 3 beta |
| IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
| IL | Interleukin |
| LTCC | L-type calcium channel |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MCU | Mitochondrial calcium uniporter |
| MT2 | Melatonin receptor type 2 |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NFTs | Neurofibrillary tangles |
| NMDAR | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 |
| O-GlcNAcylation | O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinases |
| PINK1 | PTEN-induced kinase 1 |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SIRT1 | Sirtuin 1 |
| SNO | S-nitrosylation |
| SOCE | Store-operated calcium entry |
| SOD | Superoxide |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| TCA | Tricarboxylic acid |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| VPS26a | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26a |