Table 3. Univariable logistic regression analysis for poor timeliness of internet-based surveillance

Variable	Odds ratio	95% Confidence interval	p-value	N missing
Log (Population size)	1.045	0.816–1.351	0.726	29
Log (GDP per capita)	1.009	0.816–1.249	0.936	29
Income classification1)	0.638	0.214–1.788	0.401	29
Log (HDI)	0.645	0.134–2.951	0.574	29
Night-time light level2)	0.999	0.983–1.015	0.912	29
Health expenditure (2015 US$)	1.026	0.902–1.171	0.689	29
IHR score	0.999	0.979–1.019	0.890	32
Urban land use	1.054	0.892–1.302	0.541	29

Poor timeliness was defined as the time gap between the occurrence of mortality cases and reporting were equal to one week or longer.
Income-based country classification by World Bank (4 categories; high income, upper middle income, lower income, low income). The odds ratio was for high and upper middle-income levels compared to low and lower middle-income levels as a reference.
Night-time light level values range from 0 to 255, and higher value indicates higher brightness form artificial light.
GDP, gross domestic product; HDI, human development index; IHR, International Health Regulation.