Table 1. Dataset used in this study

Category	Variable	Data source
Demographic	Population	NASA SEDAC [19]
Socioeconomic	Night time light level	NASA [19]
	GDP	Kummu et al. [22]
	Human development index	Kummu et al. [22]
	Income based country classification	World Bank [2]
Public health	Health expenditure	World Bank [2]
Geographic	IHR score	World Health Organization [1]
	Urban land use	Tuanmu et al. [26]

GDP, gross domestic product; IHR, International Health Regulation.