| Men, n (%) | 89 (92%) |
| Median age, years | 67.6 ± 9.3 (44~85) |
| Median duration of COPD, months | 48 (2~300) |
| Gold stage, n (%) | |
| A | 10 (10.3%) |
| B | 43 (44.3%) |
| C | 5 (5.1)% |
| D | 39 (40.3%) |
| Median FEV1 (% of predicted value) | 59% |
| Smoking state (n) | |
| Current smoker | 71 (73.2%) |
| Ex-smoker | 21 (21.6%) |
| Never-smoker | 5 (5.2%) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Yes (%) | 21 (22%) |
| Cardiovascular event | 10 |
| Arrhythmia | 4 |
| Diabetic mellitus | 3 |
| Hypertension | 4 |
| Cancer | 4 |
| Liver disease | 2 |
| Competence level of inhaler use (0~10) | |
| Indacaterol | 9 |
| Salmeterol + fluticasone | 8.7 |
| Tiotrotium | 8.5 |
| Formoterol + budesonide | 8.4 |
| Salbutamol | 7.5 |
| Median CAT Score | 15.2 ± 7.9 (1~34) |
| Depression (PHQ-9 score≥10) | 10 (10.3%) |